quotes~ we are our own enemy

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"The war is inside us. We are our own enemy. If we cannot win the war within, how are we going to fight the real enemy?"

psychology~ How he handles the wheel?

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quotes~ With great power, comes great responsibility

"With great power, comes great responsibility"
picture source

animals~ Egg-Eating Snake

  Starting at 2:45, you can see the moving x-ray of the egg-eating snake swallowing the egg. Continuing through the end of the video, the snake cracks the shell, allows the yolk inside to drain into its stomach, and regurgitates the eggshell.

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health~ why we should take light breakfast?

have you ever wondered why we should take light breakfast?
proceed to the following article under the link.

last 2nd paragraph page 186.
[Lets relate the "grams".....]

Your Health... Your Choice By M. T. Morter

Samsung Galaxy S4 Specifications And Review - Computer And Gadjet Tips

Samsung Galaxy S4 Specifications And Review - Computer And Gadjet Tips

Animals~ SNAKE EAT SNAKE

MONDAY, JULY 16, 2012
by Andrew Durso


Snake-eating snakes
Click here to view this article in Spanish!
Haga clic aquí para ver este artículo en español!

I've mentioned before how snakes can eat nearly anything, due to amazing adaptations of their head and jaws that allow them to swallow objects bigger than their heads. But surely they must be limited to eating prey that are shorter than they are in overall length, right? What about items that are just a bit longer?

African Egg-eating Snake, Dasypeltis scabra

There are a wide variety of snakes that eat other elongate vertebrates, including other snakes, legless lizards, lizards with relatively small legs (like skinks), amphisbaenians, caecilians, and eels (today we'll focus on snakes, but look out for future articles on some of these other specialized diets). In many ways, this kind of diet is convenient for a snake, because they are already elongate, so they don't have to deform their stomachs, bodies, and mouths to the same extent as snakes that eat bulkier prey. Many are relatively primitive snakes that retain the robust skulls of their lizard-like ancestors, but quite a few derived snakes are snake-eaters as well, including the King Cobra, Ophiophagus hannah, the world's largest venomous snake.

The genus Ophiophagus means 'snake-eating'

Other familiar snake-eaters include the North American Kingsnakes (genus Lampropeltis), which have evolved resistance to the venom of many species of viper. Eastern Indigo Snakes (Drymarchon couperi) and their Central and South American relatives are also frequent snake eaters, and many other species of North American colubrids sometimes dine on each other, including Racers (Coluber constrictor), Coachwhips (genus Masticophis, now sometimes included in the racer genus Coluber), Garter and Ribbon Snakes (genus Thamnophis), and Coral Snakes (genus Micrurus). Among their prey are many of North America's venomous snakes, including the Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), Cottonmouth (or water mocassin, Agkistrodon piscivorus), and many species of rattlesnake (genera Crotalus and Sistrurus), as well as many non-venomous species of snake. Because all snakes are predatory, the existence of snake-eating snakes implies that some snakes are feeding at a very high trophic level indeed, and indeed they may represent top predators in some ecosystems.

Just how does a snake accomplish eating another? It is an arduous process, especially when the prey snake is as long as or longer than the predator. It's true: some snakes are able to ingest other snakes that equal or exceed their own body length. That means that these snakes must fit an object longer than their entire body into just their stomach, which (perhaps it goes without saying) is not as long as their whole body. The prey must be fit into the stomach, and cannot extend into the intestine or the esophagus, because the lining of the stomach is the only part of the digestive system that secretes digestive enzymes.

Body width is not nearly as much as a problem - snakes have highly kinetic skulls and very strong and flexible trunk muscles, so they can both expand their body cavity and compress their prey in order to accommodate very wide meals. But there is a limit to the length of their gut - it cannot extend into their tail, which is solid with muscle, nor can the prey easily be left hanging out of the mouth, where it could impede the snake's movement, interfere with sensory processes, or begin to decompose.



As determined in a paper by one of my favorite herpetologists, Kate Jackson, the author of the popular herpetological book Mean and Lowly Things, the solution hit upon by North American Kingsnakes seems to be to throw the prey into waves to decrease its length and pack it into the space available. They accomplish this by concertina-like motions of their own vertebral column, which causes the (dead) prey snake's body to conform in shape to that of its predator. The predator snake can then straighten out again while advancing its jaws, so that the standing waves were left in the body of the prey snake. As you can see from the below X-ray images, taken from Jackson's paper with  functional morphologists Nathan Kley and Elizabeth Brainerd, this allows the predator snake to pack pretty long snakes into its gut. It's the same principle as meandering your path increases the total distance you walk without affecting the straight-line distance from your starting point (in this case, the snake's mouth) to your finishing (here, the posterior end of the snake's stomach). Kingsnakes tested in Jackson et al.'s paper were able to ingest Cornsnakes (Pantherophis guttatus) up to 139% of their body length and up to 135% of their pre-feeding body mass, which would be like a 6'0", 175 lb. person eating an 8'4", 236 lb. meal - in one bite. Without using their hands.



As the prey snake is digested, a decrease in wavelength and increase in amplitude of the waves of the prey snake’s vertebral column takes place, because the prey snake's body becomes more compressible as its tissues are digested off. In Jackson's experiment, it took the Kingsnakes about 7-10 days to completely digest these huge meals (although a few of them regurgitated their prey after a couple days).


Once, I was lucky enough to observe a young racer that had just eaten a Ring-necked Snake (Diadophis punctatus) at a nature preserve in east-central Illinois:



As you can see, she was pretty much catatonic. The Ring-necked Snake she had eaten was 26.5 cm in length, and she herself measured only 28.9 cm, so her prey was >90% of her total length! You can really get an impression from this photo of the lumpy, kinked quality of the body of a snake that has recently eaten another, caused by the waves of the prey snake's body inside the gut of the predator.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Thanks to Belinda Wright for the photograph of the King Cobra.

REFERENCES

Durso, AM & NM Kiriazis. 2011. Coluber constrictor (North American Racer) Prey Size. Natural History Note. Herpetological Review. 42(2):285.

Jackson K, Kley NJ, Brainerd EL. 2004. How snakes eat snakes: the biomechanical challenges of ophiophagy for the California kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula californiae (Serpentes: Colubridae). Zoology 107(3):191-200.

Voice Of Passion and Freedom: 10 Things That Won`t be Bought With Money

Voice Of Passion and Freedom: 10 Things That Won`t be Bought With Money: Money, everyone needs money.  Adults, teens and even young children even know the object called money.  Yes money is important in life, with...

Money can buy a book, but not knowledge.

newyorktimes~ Unlock Meteor's Secrets

ideas for life~ credit cards can be duped!! BEWARE

Housewife stuck with debts from credit cards she does not own - Nation | The Star Online

Tuesday March 26, 2013

Left in the lurch: Chan showing the police reports she lodged during the press conference as Chor looks on.

ALOR SETAR: A 34-year-old housewife’s venture into business has turned awry after she was asked to settle a RM9,000 debt from credit cards she does not own.

Chan Ai Khim alleged that she had been duped by a 36-year-old man, who claimed to be an agent that could help her secure a bank loan for a small business selling fashion accessories.

“I met him in 2010 through a friend. He claimed that he could help me obtain a bank loan of up to RM100,000, so I gave him photocopies of my identity card, income tax statement and business registration certificate.

“When I asked him about my loan application status months later, he assured me that it would be done. On March 5, I received a lawyer’s letter and bank statements stating that I owed them money,” she said at a press conference organised by Alor Setar MCA in Jalan Pegawai on Sunday.

The man’s outlet in Plaza Tunku Yaacob Complex had also closed down, said Chan.

“I could no longer get in touch with him. I lodged a police report on March 21,” she said.

MCA vice-president Datuk Seri Chor Chee Heung said he had received many complaints on such similar cases.

“Banks should impose tighter rules for credit card applications. I will ask her (Chan) to write an official letter to the relevant banks explaining the situation,” he said.

WOW ! Plants that help to REDUCE RADIATION in your room!!

1. Cactus

1. Cacti is the best in reducing radiation and bacteria.Cacti is very strong in eliminating bacteria. In tackling pollution, cacti is also great at reducing radiation. In addition, cacti absorbs carbon dioxide at night to release oxygen. Putting cacti in the room is helpful in sleeping and supplementing oxygen. 

Kitchen~ 5 Awesome Kitchen Cheats That Will Make Your Life Easier

http://www.youtube.com/user/eHow?feature=watch

quotation~ 5 most famous quotes by Bruce Lee

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business~ financial tips for starting internet marketing

So, you are looking to open up your own small business, but are not well versed enough in Internet marketing to know the best financial practices? Internet marketing can be both a gift and a curse for small businesses. On one hand, for the inexperienced, marketing online can be a huge money-sink where small business budgets go to disappear, while chasing big aspirations. On the other hand, internet marketing can also provide small businesses with a cheap, yet effective way to advertise them and gain initial traction, so long as they know what they are doing. A few financial tips that you should take into consideration when beginning your internet marketing campaign include;

Advertise Where It’s Affordable for Your Business

The biggest mistake that many startups and small businesses make with internet marketing is choosing advertising that is well beyond their budget. Immediately jumping into paying for Google Adwords advertisements and other paid advertising sources can be beneficial, but may be above the budgets of some small businesses. If your budget is too small for paid advertising sources, look into free options such as classified advertisements and social media marketing to spread the word about your business.

Have A Marketing Budget Set Aside

Your marketing budget should not be included in the general expenses of your business. Try to set marketing funds aside from other business related funds so that you can properly plan the amount that you can afford to spend, without going over budget. Within the marketing budget, you can set aside funds for specific types of marketing or promotion, such as classified advertisements, Adwords campaigns, and Facebook advertisements. This allows you to set daily limits on each of your advertising accounts, and better analyze each of the marketing methods that you are utilizing, cutting out underperforming methods and ramping up those that are giving the largest return on investment.

Use Free Methods Where Available

Almost every small business is going to be working with a very limited budget in the beginning. While you should be looking to cut unnecessary costs wherever available, internet marketing provides you with a unique opportunity to make large scale cuts without a dramatic reduction in the effectiveness of your marketing campaign. Instead of paying for advertising, dedicating more time to promoting your business using the free sources that are available to you will allow you to dramatically cut advertising costs without having to sacrifice the positive impact that the advertising has had on your business. As your business grows and more funds can be dedicated to advertising, you can begin to add new advertising sources to your list. This allows you to grow your marketing spending only when your business can afford it, without taking on too much responsibility at once.

Immediate Impact vs. Brand Recognition

When deciding on the marketing avenues that your business will pursue, you also have to decide what the goals of your marketing budget are. Of course, every business has a goal to increase revenue and become more profitable. However, you also have to divide up your marketing dollars between short term and long term impact. Short term impact refers to sales, and immediate growth while long term impact refers to brand recognition and building a long term marketing strategy for your company.

Outsource Where Available

Many basic and repetitive internet marketing tasks can be done by just about anyone. These include submissions to directories, syndicating content across a variety of websites, and generally trying to get your link in front of as many people as possible. These tasks can be outsourced to individuals around the world that will demand much less money than your in-house employees would, and your employees would likely appreciate not having to do such repetitive tasks.

The Internet is a land of unlimited opportunity for a small business, but that does not mean that you do not have to be diligent, both in plan as well as execution. Know what you want your marketing to accomplish, and find the cheapest way to make it happen.

Read more at http://www.business2community.com/online-marketing/5-financial-tips-for-starting-internet-marketing-0346014#yJzd08OzSBVlXm9J.99 

Author: Stevie Clapton

health~ waking up tips 2

drink a cup water!
We should drink a cup of water when we woke up, WHY?
This is because that after sleeping for the whole night, we had been dehydrated during the long sleep, thus water intake is necessary every morning!

Besides, our stomach is empty after long sleep, if we take a cup of water as a first intake, it actually same concept as cleaning our stomach, besides, it also enable us to digest our breakfast easily!

Other than that, drinking water can makes you more energetic!!!


Lastly do not forget to put a cup of water or bottle beside your bed.

source : [In Mandarin]

-Photo from-